Shinsengumi; Edo period police and military force dedicated to suppressing anti-shogunate activities
staff officer; military staff; adviser; counselor; counsellor
while; during; while; although; all; both
overthrow of the shogunate
advocate; disputant; debater; (present) writer; author
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
gate guard (during the ritsuryo system); gate guardian; young forced labour (ritsuryo system)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
pleasure and pain; joys and sorrows
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
wherein; therein; thereinto
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
construction worker; laborer (labourer); navvy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thick; deep; kind; cordial; abundant
meaning; significance; sense
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to drain; to pour; to wash away; to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to cruise (e.g. taxi); to float
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...