indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
chair; stool; post; office; position
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
spread-out sail; full sail; (sailing) downwind
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
man of the hour; woman of the hour
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
by myself; in person; by oneself
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
thankfully; fortunately; luckily; thanks to your (his, their, everyone's, etc.) kindness; thanks to your assistance; thanks to your support
amount sold; sales; proceeds; takings; turnover
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
favourable; favorable; promising; satisfactory; in good shape
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
feeling; sense; impression
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
since some time ago; for quite a while; already
to say; to tell; to state; to do