indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to meet fortuitously (e.g. running into an old friend); to meet by chance; to happen across
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
how many years; how long; what year
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; period; class
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
inside one's heart; in one's mind
disquieting; threatening; turbulent; restless; unsettled; disturbing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hang over; to shroud; to enshroud; to envelop; to screen
memories; recollections; reminiscence
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to ascertain; to check; to make sure
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage