squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
primary school; elementary school; grade school
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at that time; in those days
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
extracurricular activities
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
enterprise; business; company; corporation
finding employment; getting a job
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to touch; to come in contact with; to receive (e.g. visitor); to attend to; to receive (news); to get; to encounter