yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
orders; instructions; directive; command
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Naniwa (former name for Osaka region)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
dad; dada; daddy; pa; papa; pappa
present; gift; to give a present or gift
buying; shopping; buyer; purchase
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to do for (the sake of someone else)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; providing fully
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
once; one time; exclusively; only; alone
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to pile up; to heap up; to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
shopping; purchased goods
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
official size of a tatami mat for measuring room size (esp. a Kyoto-size tatami mat); basic rhythm (in traditional Japanese music); (arch.) room (in a brothel) of a prostitute of the highest rank
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)