sal (tree) (Shorea robusta); saul; Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia)
"bird-in-the-cage" children's game
basket (shopping, etc.); hamper; cage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
evening; night; dinner; evening meal; counter for nights
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sniff out; to get wind of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
public safety; public welfare
viewing as a problem; problematizing
assistant; associate; duplicate; copy; adverb
inspector general; commissioner
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
any more; any further; any better; any longer
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do