cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
curse; spell; malediction
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
at that time; in those days
newspaper story (article, account)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
because of; owing to; due to
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
follow; following (on social media, esp. Twitter); follow-up; following up; backing-up; covering for; follow-up shot
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for large animals (e.g. head of cattle); counter for insects in a collection; counter for helmets, masks, etc.
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial