paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
mound; heap; hillock; burial mound; tomb; tumulus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
student (esp. a university student)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
as (for); for; in the capacity of
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
name; given name; first name
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
kind; cordial; hospitable; serious (of an illness)
best regards; please remember me; please treat me favorably (favourably); please take care of
husband; groom; (one's) son-in-law
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
easy; trifling; harmless; nothing of the sort; not at all
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
no!; no no!; no, not at all
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
tension; mental strain; nervousness
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do