branched bur-reed (Sparganium erectum); simplestem bur-reed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
should; must; -able; probably; likely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
recyclable garbage; recyclable waste
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
bento; Japanese box lunch
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
ago; since; before; previous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to