indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
all present; all concerned; all of us
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
hey there; I say; see here
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
even at the best of times; already; (even) under normal circumstances; in addition to; as it is
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
food expenses; money for food; charge for board
to use excessively; to use too much; to spend too much; to overwork someone
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
sorry; excuse me; thank you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ill will; malice; evil intent
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
column; beam; girder; digit; decade; order of magnitude
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to get wrong; to mistake (one thing for another); to confuse
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
the place for; the time for; the level of
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
how; in what way; how about
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")