indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
injustice; unfairness; wrongdoing; iniquity; impropriety; irregularity
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sorry; excuse me; thank you
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
adds force or indicates command
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ranking; toplist (e.g. of WWW sites)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
myself; yourself; I; me; you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reflection; reconsideration; introspection; regret; repentance; remorse
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
rank; place (e.g. first place); decimal place; counter for ghosts
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
division (of a larger group); branch; field; class (subclass); group; category
ordinary person; member of the general public; non-celebrity
synthesis; coordination; putting together; comprehensive
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
according to (one's) calculations; for the purpose of calculation
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
please (give me); please (do for me)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...