always; all the time; never; usual; regular
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
fourth rank; fourth class; fourth sign of the Chinese calendar; Denmark
rather; better; instead; if anything
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
takoyaki; octopus dumplings
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to take seriously; to believe in; to fall for
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic