place near the mountains; hilly section of a city (e.g. Tokyo, Kobe, Yokohama)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
first-class; top grade; characteristic; peculiar; school (e.g. of a performance art); one flag
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
plate; dish; serving; helping; kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
repetition; repeat; reiteration; repeatedly
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that's the way it is; such is life
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora); camphorwood; camphor laurel
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
please (give me); please (do for me)
at once; immediately; right now
to apologize; to apologise
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)