indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
moyamoya disease (rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by blocked arteries in the basal ganglia)
counter for wheels and flowers
blockage; blockade; blocking up; stoppage; obstruction; occlusion
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cerebral blood vessel; cerebrovascular
bleeding; haemorrhage; hemorrhage; bleeding money; red ink; selling below cost
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
to need; to demand; to take; to require
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
to prove successful; to take hold; to amount to something
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to rape; to violate
murder; homicide; manslaughter
by means of; due to; because of; according to
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
I, myself; one-self; by one-self; even I; even one
unexpected; unforeseen; inconceivable
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to learn; to acquire knowledge; to carry; to wear (clothes, etc.); to put on
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
police; police officer; police station
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host