indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
please (give me); please (do for me)
apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
target area (e.g. archery); range (e.g. rifle, firing)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no matter how you put it; whatever the circumstances may be; say what you like; no matter how you look at it
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
capable of anything; liable to do
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
success or failure; result
judgement; judgment; decision; adjudication; award; verdict
to raise objections; to complain; (to have the right) to say anything
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to be ill; to suffer from; to worry about; to be concerned about; to have trouble doing ...; to be unable to ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
attendance (at school); going to school
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
giving and taking; exchange (of letters); arguing back and forth; (conversational) exchange
bulletin board; display board; notice board; electronic bulletin board; BBS
official announcement; proclamation
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything