this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
(school) subject; curriculum; course; item; heading; entry
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to be noisy (e.g. from people talking); to be discomposed (e.g. feelings)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
advance notice; previous note; preliminary announcement; trailer (film, TV); preview
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
paper patch; paper backing; poster; sticker; label
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to smash violently; to crush
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
hyperventilation; overbreathing; hyperpnea; overventilation
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
on purpose; deliberately; intentionally
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then