indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
interesting; fascinating; intriguing; amusing; funny; comical
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production