indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
taking on (a challenge); attempt; try; requesting a video review (of a referee's call)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
please (give me); please (do for me)
but; however; provided that
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to get wrong; to mistake (one thing for another); to confuse
what kind of; what sort of; what
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(animal) collar; necklace; choker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist
button (clothing); push-button; button
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
retirement; retiring (from a race, match, etc.); dropping out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to push; to thrust; to press (down); to push (e.g. a button); to stamp (e.g. one's name); to affix (a seal); to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance