indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light