indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; on; above; the best; top
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
control; management (e.g. of a business)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
honorific/polite/humble prefix
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
inconvenience; inexpediency; unhandiness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
representation; representative; exemplification; typification; leader; switchboard number
first-class; first-rate; characteristic (of); peculiar (to); school (e.g. of flower arrangement); one flag
enterprise; business; company; corporation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she