you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
snapping (e.g. book shut); clapping; crackling; pachinko
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
clapping hands; applause; clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if I (we, etc.) could; if one were to ... then ... (an unpleasant thing would happen)
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
soundly (sleeping); fast (asleep)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
monpe; (women's) baggy work pants gathered at the ankles
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
change; alternation; rotation; replacement; substitution; shift
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
(some) more; even more; longer; further
feeling; sensitivity; emotion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
very unskillful; extremely awkward
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last