suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
police; police officer; police station
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at once; immediately; right now
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!