indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
match; game; bout; contest
chance (of success); odds
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
senior high school student
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
unthinkable; unexpected; outrageous; offensive
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to speak with an accent; to mispronounce; to be corrupted (of word)
old enemy; longtime enemy; arch-enemy; traditional rival; longstanding foe
educational institution; school; academy; campus
senior high school; high school
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
attractive face and figure
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right (to do something); authority; power
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; proto-
all present; all concerned; all of us
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman