indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
wisdom; enlightenment; prajñā (one of the three divisions of the noble eightfold path); wisdom
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
oh my god!; oh my gosh!; you got me!; wow!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALS
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
suffix for familiar person
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opening and shutting; opening and closing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
how; in what way; how about
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
company; corporation; workplace
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
together (with); at the same time; in a lump