junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
fleeing soldier; warrior fleeing the battlefield; deserter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
old-timer; veteran; senior; old stump; old roots
great awakening; great enlightening; greatly awakened person; understanding; comprehension
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to run to; to come running; to rush (someplace); to hasten
demon of the sixth heaven in the realm of desire who tries to prevent people from doing good
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
swift attack; quick attack; fast break; right away; without delay; immediately
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
division of labour; division of labor; splitting into groups (e.g. to search)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
to be caught in; to be stuck in; to stop by; to drop in for a short visit; to get mixed up in (trouble); to get entangled in (a problem); to fall for (a trick)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable