indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to curse; to put a curse on; to detest intensely
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
middle palace guard (ritsuryo system)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to take over; to capture; to seize; to hijack (vehicle, account, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to drive to death (e.g. by suicide); to cause to die
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to curse; to cast a spell; to haunt; to cause a bad result; to bring about a negative outcome
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
curse; spell; malediction
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
to feel; to sense; to experience