indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
suffix for familiar person
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
please (give me); please (do for me)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
all; entire; whole; altogether
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
man; male; masculine gender
ruffian; villain; peculiar person; idiosyncratic person; tricky thing; something that is more than it seems
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
tea ceremony; Way of Tea; sadō
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
old-fashioned; archaic; antique; antiquated
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
fluently (speaking a foreign language); incessantly (speaking); glibly; one after the other (flipping through pages); thin (paper, cloth, etc.); flimsy
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
all present; all concerned; all of us
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
honorific/polite/humble prefix