indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
suffix for familiar person
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
please (give me); please (do for me)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
all; entire; whole; altogether
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
man; male; masculine gender
ruffian; villain; peculiar person; idiosyncratic person; tricky thing; something that is more than it seems
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
old-fashioned; archaic; antique; antiquated
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
fluently (speaking a foreign language); incessantly (speaking); glibly; one after the other (flipping through pages); thin (paper, cloth, etc.); flimsy
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
all present; all concerned; all of us
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
honorific/polite/humble prefix