indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
hakkeyoi!; come on!; go ahead!
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
sumo wrestling; wrestler; rikishi
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
serious; not joking; straight
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
please (give me); please (do for me)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
remaining; left-over; excess
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
important matter; matter of great importance; serious affair; major incident; emergency
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
you (plural); all of you; you all
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
going into battle; departure for the front
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)