indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the text; the main clause; the main part of a document
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
death penalty; capital punishment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to manage; to deal with; to cope with; to sentence; to condemn; to punish
to be born; to come into the world
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
exploration party; expedition team
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
petition for retrial; appeal for retrial
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
the person in question; the person themselves; said person