indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Ryukyu; chain of southwestern Japanese islands comprising Okinawa Prefecture
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
white-naped crane (Grus vipio)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
rather; better; instead; if anything
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
lukewarm; tepid; lenient; (arch.) slow; (arch.) stupid
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
honorific/polite/humble prefix
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Perry; Peli; Pelly; Perri
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?