indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
contribution (to a newspaper, magazine, etc.); submission; post (on a blog, social media, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
myocardial rupture; cardiac rupture; heart rupture; cardiorrhexis; cardioclasis
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
side effect; adverse reaction
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
therapy; treatment; remedy; cure
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
use; utilization; utilisation; application
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
study; research; investigation
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage