teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
Island; insula; island; islet
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
treasure; treasured item; prized possession
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
earnestly; immediately; exactly
direction; orientation; suited to; suitable for; tendency; inclination
remote place; backcountry; the sticks; hinterland
medical care; medical treatment
passion; enthusiasm; zeal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pour (into); to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to shed (tears); to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to flow into (e.g. of a river)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
originally; primarily; essentially; intrinsically; proper; rightful
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
should; must; -able; probably; likely
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
environment; circumstance
by means of; due to; because of; according to
left and right; right and left; (asserting) control; influence; one's attendants; people accompanying one
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to need; to call for; to require
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
please; somehow or other; one way or another
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons