indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
senior high school; high school
book; volume; this; present; main; head
school building; schoolhouse
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall in love at first sight; (arch.) to see for the first time; (arch.) to meet for the first time; (arch.) to have sexual relations for the first time
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to choke; to have trouble breathing
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shine; to be visible; to be tinged with; to rise (of water levels); to flow in; to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in succession; one by one
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
parting; separation; farewell