indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
that; the matter in question
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
contract; compact; agreement
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
Betelgeuse (star in the constellation Orion); Alpha Orionis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction