indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
that; the matter in question
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
contract; compact; agreement
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
Betelgeuse (star in the constellation Orion); Alpha Orionis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction