at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
master of business administration; MBA; military base agreement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nursing; care; caregiving; caring
use; utilization; utilisation; application
honorific/polite/humble prefix
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
one's house; one's home; one's family
tatami mat; Japanese straw floor coverings
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
receiving; welcoming; going to meet; final call; call of fate; approach of death
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
by myself; in person; by oneself
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker