to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
while; during; while; although; all; both
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
family; members of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stub out (e.g. a cigarette); to crush out; to smother (fire); to hush up; to cover up; to stifle
person concerned; people involved (in an event); those concerned; staff
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in succession; one by one
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
ringleader; mastermind; leader (of a plot)
interest; entertainment; pleasure; implicit comparison (style of the Shi Jing)
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
fault; error; indiscretion; faux pas
to repeat; to do something over again
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)