indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
third month of the lunar calendar; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.); Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
entrance; front door; entryway; entranceway; entry hall; vestibule
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
to be in disorder; to lie scattered around
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for