indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Nagano (city, prefecture)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
family; members of a family
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
ignorant of the ways of the world
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
society; the world; the times
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot