indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
senior high school; high school
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; merely; but; no more than
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be much obliged (to someone); to receive favor (favour); to be indebted; to be grateful
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
counter-proposal; counter-suggestion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
senior high school student
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity