indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
obedient; meek; docile; honest; frank; upfront (about one's feelings)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
order; discipline; regularity; system; method
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
face; official stance; public position or attitude (as opposed to private thoughts); ceremony for the erection of the framework of a house
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accept; to receive; to agree
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
fortress (surrounded by a wall, moat, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
hateful; abominable; poor-looking; amazing; fantastic; admirable
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to herd; to drive; to corner; to force someone into doing; to go hard; to push yourself
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid