indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
older sister; elder sister
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to chase; to run after; to pursue; subsequently; following that; (and) then
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
love; romance; tender passion; emotion; affections
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
Hayato; ethnic group which lived in Kyūshū in ancient times and opposed the state of Yamato; man from Kagoshima
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship