impregnable castle; inner castle citadel; golden castle (nickname for Nagoya Castle)
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
so; like this; in this way
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
instructor; (fencing) teacher; model
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
physical condition; state of health
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
wisdom tooth; not knowing who your parents are; person who doesn't know who their parents are
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
sorry; excuse me; thank you
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction