indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
evening; night; dinner; evening meal; counter for nights
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to work (someone) hard; to push (someone) around
yen (currency of Japan); circle
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
cheap; inexpensive; calm; peaceful; quiet
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
currently popular; in fashion; trendy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
business that exploits its employees (e.g. through unpaid overtime)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
black; black (coffee); exploitative (company); overly harsh; boldface; blackface
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
pink; erotic; blue; pornographic
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
now; the present time; just now; another; more
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
these days; nowadays; today; at this time (of day); at this hour
(Japanese) feature phone (as opposed to a smartphone); mobile phone designed for the Japanese market (with specialized features only available in Japan)
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
honorific/polite/humble prefix