sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
foreign-made car; imported car; paddle wheel
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
professor; teaching; instruction
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
establishing; proving; ascertaining; identifying; confirming
root; source; origin; foundation; basis; essence
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
valuable article; valuables
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
sorry; excuse me; thank you
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
please (give me); please (do for me)
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
relief squad; rescue party