indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to win the prize; to win the ring
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
such; like that; that sort of; very
how; in what way; how about
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
(police) detective; criminal matter
image; figure; figure; form; image
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!