indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
big mouth; mouth opened wide; boastful speech; tall talk; large amount; large quantity
customer; client; client company; business connection; trade partner
Ise (former province located in the major part of present-day Mie Prefecture and parts of Aichi and Gifu prefectures); Ise (city)
Island; insula; island; islet
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
stock; share; stump; (clump of) roots; plant with attached roots or stem; strain (of bacteria, etc.); stock company
making use of; application; practical use; operation; handling; steering (esp. a boat)
failure; mistake; blunder
by means of; due to; because of; according to
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
loss (of assets, profit, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(bank) president; greenroom manager (in a theater)
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
rebuilding; reconstruction; rehabilitation; protoform reconstruction
to entrust; to leave to a person
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
Financial Services Agency; FSA
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial
failure; collapse; breakdown; break-up; bankruptcy
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
classification; categorization; sorting
bank; banking institution
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
huge sum (esp. of money); enormous sum; massive amount
to pile up; to stack; to load (car, ship, etc.); to pack; to acquire; to accumulate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)