what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
drinking party; get-together
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
collection (of fees, taxes, etc.); levy
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
suggestion box; comment box; (arch.) complaints box placed in front of the supreme court (Edo period)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the Emperor; His Majesty; the government; the authorities; proprietress; hostess
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the lower classes; the common people
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
chief (of police); head (of office)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
in that way; thus; so; so?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
taking one's children along (to an event, into a new marriage, etc.); parent with child
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
opinion in writing; written opinion; argument
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
celebration; celebratory event; congratulatory gift; tip; gratuity
all present; all concerned; all of us
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
even so; all the same; nevertheless; yes, but ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire