indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
administrator; janitor; manager; custodian; executor
self-proclaimed; self-professed; professing oneself to be; calling oneself; first person
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to melt; to thaw; to fuse; to dissolve
shut-in; stay-at-home; hikikomori; social withdrawal; shunning other people
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
large pink (Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus); woman who displays the feminine virtues of old Japan
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
hard struggle; strenuous effort
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
ball (for sport, games, etc.); kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
toadstool; poisonous mushroom
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material