world; society; people; the public
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
female office worker; office lady; overlap; orienteering
attractive; good-looking; stylish; cool; smooth; neat
saying something (to someone); greeting; approaching (someone)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
what time; (lit.) which hour
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
honorific/polite/humble prefix
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)