door; gate; opening; title page
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to narrowly escape (e.g. death); to hang onto (life); (arch.) to ascertain; (arch.) to make definite
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
fit; spasm; attack; seizure
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
guarantee; security; assurance; pledge; warranty
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
to do one's best; to do something to the best of one's ability
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
president (of a society); chairman
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
heart; guts; nerve; central part
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
attending physician; physician in charge; (one's) family doctor
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once